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商务英语缩略语的翻译
缩略词的表现形式很多，主要有四种：首字母缩写词(initial)、截短词(clipped word)、拼缀词(blending)和首字母拼音词(acronym)。其中，首字母缩写词和截短词出现的频率最高，一般来，重要的国际组织、国际公约、国际协会等大多以首字母缩写词的形式出现，而一些计量单位等大多采用截短词。
Many forms of abbreviations, mainly has four kinds: acronym (initial), (clipped, word) truncated word portmanteau words (blending) and the first letter of Pinyin word (acronym). Among them, the highest frequency, acronyms and truncated words appeared in general, international organizations, an international convention and International Association of mostly acronyms form, and some units of measurement used mostly truncated words.
商务英语的缩略词都经过了各国商人的长期使用，已经被人们广泛接受，其意义也十分明确，要准确地翻译缩略词，则一定要知道缩略词的全称，并且要理解其意义。
Business English abbreviations have been used for a long time businessmen from all over the world, has been widely accepted by people, its meaning is very clear, to translate abbreviations accurately, must know the full name of abbreviations, and to understand its meaning.
缩略语所指对象涉及多方面的社会文化知识，具有百科性词语的性质，内容比一般词语丰富得多，翻译成另一种语言的时候不是简单的字面对等就能使人理解的。因此，翻译缩略语时是把缩略语所含的信息全部表达出来，还是仿照英语词语缩略形式译成汉语的缩略式，应视具体情况而定。
Abbreviation refers to the object involved in many aspects of social and cultural knowledge, nature has encyclopedic words, much richer content than ordinary words, translated into another language when it is not a simple literal equivalence can make people understand. Therefore, the translation of abbreviations is to express all the information contained in abbreviations, or to follow the abbreviations of English words into Chinese abbreviations, should be specific circumstances.
有些缩略语，尤其是首字母缩略语存在着一词多义现象，这当然是由于词的来源不同所造成。翻译时就必须根据上下文来判断它的正确意思。如：ETP=English Proficiency Test，这是国家教委为我国选派出国留学生所举行的一种英语水平测试。
Some abbreviations, especially initials, have a polysemous phenomenon, which is due to the different sources of the words. In translation, the correct meaning must be judged according to context. Such as: ETP=English Proficiency Test, this is the National Education Commission for our country sent abroad students held an English proficiency test.
同样，EPT也可能是Early Pregnancy Test，即早孕检测。缩略语除了一词多义现象外也有同义异形的现象，如激光雷达就分别是ladar和lidar。
Similarly, EPT may also be Early Pregnancy Test, that is, early pregnancy detection. In addition to polysemy, abbreviations are also synonymous with phenomena such as ladar and lidar.
在商务翻译实践中，由于缩略语涉及面较宽，无论是笔译还是口译，都容易出现歧义问题。这就要求译者翻译时不仅要关注缩略语的字面意思，更要结合言外语境，灵活处理。
In business translation practice, because of the wide range of abbreviations, both translation and interpretation are prone to ambiguity. This requires that translators should not only pay attention to the literal meaning of abbreviations, but also deal with them flexibly.
商务英语翻译中，常见的缩略语我们能够在商务缩略语词典中查到，如果查不到的话，一般可以按照下面的方法对其进行翻译。
In Business English translation, the common abbreviations can be found in the dictionary of business abbreviations. If we can't find them, we can translate them according to the following methods.
一、音译
I. transliteration
国际通用缩略语可以根据发音进行音译。音译法是国际上翻译术语的一种潮流，它有利于术语翻译的统一，有利于国际交流和人类知识共享。音译法可用来翻译以人名命名的计量单位，如：volt(伏特)，ampere(安培)，ohm(欧姆)，joule(焦耳)等。另外，材料、产品、商品名亦多用音泽法，如：celluloid(赛璐珞)，orlon(奥纶)，sofa(沙发)，radar(雷达)，laser(激光)等等。音译简单易行，容易被人们广泛使用。
International abbreviations can be transliteration according to pronunciation. Transliteration is a trend in the international translation of terminology, which is conducive to the unity of terminology translation, is conducive to international exchanges and human knowledge sharing. Transliteration can be used to translate units named after names, such as volt (Fu Te), ampere (ampere), Ohm (Ohm), Joule (joule) and so on. In addition, materials, products, goods were used otozawa method, such as: Celluloid (Sai Luluo), orlon (used), sofa (sofa), radar (radar), laser (laser) and so on. Transliteration is simple and easy to be widely used.
运用音译法时，需注意以下问题：原文应依据国际音标(IPA)发音，译名应按汉语普通话语音，不使用方言语音，以避免造成混乱。
When using transliteration, we should pay attention to the following questions: the original text should be based on the pronunciation of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), the translation should be in accordance with the Chinese Putonghua pronunciation, not use dialect pronunciation, in order to avoid confusion.
音译应遵循名从丰人的原则，即译名必须按照被译术语所属语种的发音进行音译。如dacron是一种涤纶织物，最初被人按广东方言译成“的确良”，且一度广泛使用。
Transliteration should follow the principle of "from name to source", that is to say, the translation must be translated according to the pronunciation of the language to which the translated term belongs. Dacron is a kind of polyester fabric, the first being "Dacron" in Guangdong dialect, and was widely used.
这种译名很容易使人产生凉爽宜人的联想，然而事实恰恰相反。dacron“的确良”的译名使人产生的联想完全是名实不符。
This translation is easy to produce a cool and pleasant association, but the opposite is true. Dacron "Dacron" translation makes Lenovo is completely inconsistent.
二、意译
Two, free translation
缩略语一般表示事物或现象的本质属性或特征，具有特定含义的，翻译时，“原文命名凡有词义者，应取其义，译其义而得译名，即所谓意译。以义定名时，译名最好考虑以上命名理据，做到名副其实，恰到好处”(刘宓庆，1999：311-316 )。
Abbreviations generally expressed the phenomenon of nature or characteristics that have a specific meaning, translation, "the original name of all meaning, should take its meaning, translation and their translation, the so-called free translation. When naming a name, it is best to take the above naming motivation into account and make it genuine and appropriate (Liu Miqing, 1999:311-316).
运用意译法时，应注意以下问题：有许多专业词汇借用于普通词汇，专业词义来源于普通词义的引伸和广展，汉译时必须根据专业要求，赋新义于旧词，译成相应的专业术语，例如：memory[通用语]记忆力，[汁算机]存储器：carrier[通用语]运货商，[生物]带菌体。
The use of free translation, should pay attention to the following problems: there are many professional vocabulary borrowed from common words, word meaning extension in common source of professional meaning and wide exhibition, Chinese translation must be based on professional requirements, adding new meanings to old words, translated into the corresponding professional terms, such as: memory[language memory [Computer]. Memory: carrier[language] [] shippers, biological carrier.
同一英语缩略语词汇往往还被不同专业用来表达各自的专门概念。翻译创新术语或新造词，需在汉语译名后加括号附上原文，供读者查核，如“人类工程学”(ergonomics)，“防老学”(antiaging science)。
The same vocabulary of English abbreviations is often used by different majors to express their own special concepts. The translation of new words or terms of innovation, need to add brackets in Chinese translation attach after the original, for readers to check, such as "human engineering" (Ergonomics), "old age" (antiaging science).
对于有些本应意译而被直译的术语，人们一般认为，应按照意译原则重新进行定名，例如：vitamin(维他命——维生素)，1aser(镭射——激光)等等。
For some terms that should be translated freely and translated literally, people generally believe that they should be re translated according to the principle of free translation, such as: vitamin (vitamin - vitamin), 1aser (laser - laser) and so on.
意译的优点是能译出原词语的含义，容易记忆，多数缩略语在翻译时都用此法。
The advantage of free translation is that it can translate the meaning of the original words, easy to remember, and most abbreviations are used in translation.
例如：Even if Greece restructures its debt and embraces the reforms demanded by the EU and IMF, it will need outside support for some years．
For example: Even if Greece restructures its debt and embraces EU the reforms demanded by the and IMF years., it will need outside support for some
译文：即使希腊重组债务，并实施欧盟和国际货币基金组织要求的改革，它在今后多年内仍需要外部援助。(EU=European Union；IMF=International Monetary Fund)
Even if Greece restructured its debt and implemented reforms required by the European Union and the IMF, it would still need external assistance for many years to come. (EU=European Union; IMF=International Monetary Fund)
三、音译和意译兼用
Three. Both transliteration and free translation
仅用音译难以表示事物的本质属性或类属时，可以采用音意兼译法。这种既取原名之音又标明事物的类别、属性的翻译方法，又称注释性译法，它符合汉语因形见义的传统，使读者易于理解和接受。
When transliteration is difficult to represent the essential attribute or category of things, it is possible to adopt the method of simultaneous translation of meaning and meaning. The translation methods category, this property of both voice and take formerly marked objects, also known as explanatory translation, it accords with Chinese traditional justice because the shape, so that readers can easily understand and accept.
音意兼译法一般用于两种情况，一种是对源语实行部分音译，部分意译，如：coffeecream(咖啡色研磨膏)，sevomotor(伺服电动机)
The simultaneous translation of sound and meaning is generally used in two situations, one is the partial transliteration of the source language, part of the free translation, such as: coffeecream (coffee grinding paste), sevomotor (servo motor)
Many forms of abbreviations, mainly has four kinds: acronym (initial), (clipped, word) truncated word portmanteau words (blending) and the first letter of Pinyin word (acronym). Among them, the highest frequency, acronyms and truncated words appeared in general, international organizations, an international convention and International Association of mostly acronyms form, and some units of measurement used mostly truncated words.
商务英语的缩略词都经过了各国商人的长期使用，已经被人们广泛接受，其意义也十分明确，要准确地翻译缩略词，则一定要知道缩略词的全称，并且要理解其意义。
Business English abbreviations have been used for a long time businessmen from all over the world, has been widely accepted by people, its meaning is very clear, to translate abbreviations accurately, must know the full name of abbreviations, and to understand its meaning.
缩略语所指对象涉及多方面的社会文化知识，具有百科性词语的性质，内容比一般词语丰富得多，翻译成另一种语言的时候不是简单的字面对等就能使人理解的。因此，翻译缩略语时是把缩略语所含的信息全部表达出来，还是仿照英语词语缩略形式译成汉语的缩略式，应视具体情况而定。
Abbreviation refers to the object involved in many aspects of social and cultural knowledge, nature has encyclopedic words, much richer content than ordinary words, translated into another language when it is not a simple literal equivalence can make people understand. Therefore, the translation of abbreviations is to express all the information contained in abbreviations, or to follow the abbreviations of English words into Chinese abbreviations, should be specific circumstances.
有些缩略语，尤其是首字母缩略语存在着一词多义现象，这当然是由于词的来源不同所造成。翻译时就必须根据上下文来判断它的正确意思。如：ETP=English Proficiency Test，这是国家教委为我国选派出国留学生所举行的一种英语水平测试。
Some abbreviations, especially initials, have a polysemous phenomenon, which is due to the different sources of the words. In translation, the correct meaning must be judged according to context. Such as: ETP=English Proficiency Test, this is the National Education Commission for our country sent abroad students held an English proficiency test.
同样，EPT也可能是Early Pregnancy Test，即早孕检测。缩略语除了一词多义现象外也有同义异形的现象，如激光雷达就分别是ladar和lidar。
Similarly, EPT may also be Early Pregnancy Test, that is, early pregnancy detection. In addition to polysemy, abbreviations are also synonymous with phenomena such as ladar and lidar.
在商务翻译实践中，由于缩略语涉及面较宽，无论是笔译还是口译，都容易出现歧义问题。这就要求译者翻译时不仅要关注缩略语的字面意思，更要结合言外语境，灵活处理。
In business translation practice, because of the wide range of abbreviations, both translation and interpretation are prone to ambiguity. This requires that translators should not only pay attention to the literal meaning of abbreviations, but also deal with them flexibly.
商务英语翻译中，常见的缩略语我们能够在商务缩略语词典中查到，如果查不到的话，一般可以按照下面的方法对其进行翻译。
In Business English translation, the common abbreviations can be found in the dictionary of business abbreviations. If we can't find them, we can translate them according to the following methods.
一、音译
I. transliteration
国际通用缩略语可以根据发音进行音译。音译法是国际上翻译术语的一种潮流，它有利于术语翻译的统一，有利于国际交流和人类知识共享。音译法可用来翻译以人名命名的计量单位，如：volt(伏特)，ampere(安培)，ohm(欧姆)，joule(焦耳)等。另外，材料、产品、商品名亦多用音泽法，如：celluloid(赛璐珞)，orlon(奥纶)，sofa(沙发)，radar(雷达)，laser(激光)等等。音译简单易行，容易被人们广泛使用。
International abbreviations can be transliteration according to pronunciation. Transliteration is a trend in the international translation of terminology, which is conducive to the unity of terminology translation, is conducive to international exchanges and human knowledge sharing. Transliteration can be used to translate units named after names, such as volt (Fu Te), ampere (ampere), Ohm (Ohm), Joule (joule) and so on. In addition, materials, products, goods were used otozawa method, such as: Celluloid (Sai Luluo), orlon (used), sofa (sofa), radar (radar), laser (laser) and so on. Transliteration is simple and easy to be widely used.
运用音译法时，需注意以下问题：原文应依据国际音标(IPA)发音，译名应按汉语普通话语音，不使用方言语音，以避免造成混乱。
When using transliteration, we should pay attention to the following questions: the original text should be based on the pronunciation of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), the translation should be in accordance with the Chinese Putonghua pronunciation, not use dialect pronunciation, in order to avoid confusion.
音译应遵循名从丰人的原则，即译名必须按照被译术语所属语种的发音进行音译。如dacron是一种涤纶织物，最初被人按广东方言译成“的确良”，且一度广泛使用。
Transliteration should follow the principle of "from name to source", that is to say, the translation must be translated according to the pronunciation of the language to which the translated term belongs. Dacron is a kind of polyester fabric, the first being "Dacron" in Guangdong dialect, and was widely used.
这种译名很容易使人产生凉爽宜人的联想，然而事实恰恰相反。dacron“的确良”的译名使人产生的联想完全是名实不符。
This translation is easy to produce a cool and pleasant association, but the opposite is true. Dacron "Dacron" translation makes Lenovo is completely inconsistent.
二、意译
Two, free translation
缩略语一般表示事物或现象的本质属性或特征，具有特定含义的，翻译时，“原文命名凡有词义者，应取其义，译其义而得译名，即所谓意译。以义定名时，译名最好考虑以上命名理据，做到名副其实，恰到好处”(刘宓庆，1999：311-316 )。
Abbreviations generally expressed the phenomenon of nature or characteristics that have a specific meaning, translation, "the original name of all meaning, should take its meaning, translation and their translation, the so-called free translation. When naming a name, it is best to take the above naming motivation into account and make it genuine and appropriate (Liu Miqing, 1999:311-316).
运用意译法时，应注意以下问题：有许多专业词汇借用于普通词汇，专业词义来源于普通词义的引伸和广展，汉译时必须根据专业要求，赋新义于旧词，译成相应的专业术语，例如：memory[通用语]记忆力，[汁算机]存储器：carrier[通用语]运货商，[生物]带菌体。
The use of free translation, should pay attention to the following problems: there are many professional vocabulary borrowed from common words, word meaning extension in common source of professional meaning and wide exhibition, Chinese translation must be based on professional requirements, adding new meanings to old words, translated into the corresponding professional terms, such as: memory[language memory [Computer]. Memory: carrier[language] [] shippers, biological carrier.
同一英语缩略语词汇往往还被不同专业用来表达各自的专门概念。翻译创新术语或新造词，需在汉语译名后加括号附上原文，供读者查核，如“人类工程学”(ergonomics)，“防老学”(antiaging science)。
The same vocabulary of English abbreviations is often used by different majors to express their own special concepts. The translation of new words or terms of innovation, need to add brackets in Chinese translation attach after the original, for readers to check, such as "human engineering" (Ergonomics), "old age" (antiaging science).
对于有些本应意译而被直译的术语，人们一般认为，应按照意译原则重新进行定名，例如：vitamin(维他命——维生素)，1aser(镭射——激光)等等。
For some terms that should be translated freely and translated literally, people generally believe that they should be re translated according to the principle of free translation, such as: vitamin (vitamin - vitamin), 1aser (laser - laser) and so on.
意译的优点是能译出原词语的含义，容易记忆，多数缩略语在翻译时都用此法。
The advantage of free translation is that it can translate the meaning of the original words, easy to remember, and most abbreviations are used in translation.
例如：Even if Greece restructures its debt and embraces the reforms demanded by the EU and IMF, it will need outside support for some years．
For example: Even if Greece restructures its debt and embraces EU the reforms demanded by the and IMF years., it will need outside support for some
译文：即使希腊重组债务，并实施欧盟和国际货币基金组织要求的改革，它在今后多年内仍需要外部援助。(EU=European Union；IMF=International Monetary Fund)
Even if Greece restructured its debt and implemented reforms required by the European Union and the IMF, it would still need external assistance for many years to come. (EU=European Union; IMF=International Monetary Fund)
三、音译和意译兼用
Three. Both transliteration and free translation
仅用音译难以表示事物的本质属性或类属时，可以采用音意兼译法。这种既取原名之音又标明事物的类别、属性的翻译方法，又称注释性译法，它符合汉语因形见义的传统，使读者易于理解和接受。
When transliteration is difficult to represent the essential attribute or category of things, it is possible to adopt the method of simultaneous translation of meaning and meaning. The translation methods category, this property of both voice and take formerly marked objects, also known as explanatory translation, it accords with Chinese traditional justice because the shape, so that readers can easily understand and accept.
音意兼译法一般用于两种情况，一种是对源语实行部分音译，部分意译，如：coffeecream(咖啡色研磨膏)，sevomotor(伺服电动机)
The simultaneous translation of sound and meaning is generally used in two situations, one is the partial transliteration of the source language, part of the free translation, such as: coffeecream (coffee grinding paste), sevomotor (servo motor)
